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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Papal election, 1243 ： ウィキペディア英語版 Papal election, 1243 The papal election of 15–25 June 1243 elected Cardinal Sinibaldo Fieschi of Genoa to succeed Pope Celestine IV. The conclave began after the Holy See had been vacant for 18 months and six days, therefore ca. May 16, 1243. There were nine cardinals present. Six votes were needed, therefore, for a canonical election. It took some five weeks for the cardinals to agree on an acceptable candidate. ==Election of 1241== The election which took place around the death of Pope Gregory IX on August 22, 1241, was a particularly stressful one. There were military operations, both inside and outside the City of Rome, towns and properties were destroyed, Guelphs and Ghibellines warred against each other, and two of the cardinals were captured in battle and were held prisoner by the Emperor Frederick II.〔F. Gregorovius, ''History of Rome in the Middle Ages'', Volume V.1 second edition, revised (London: George Bell, 1906) Book IX, Chapters 5-6, pp. 205--233.〕 When the electoral meeting began, only ten of the twelve cardinals participated. The cardinals were tightly confined, on orders of the Senator of Rome, Matteo Rosso Orsini, and during that conclave one cardinal died. After seven weeks of deadlocked negotiations in the summer heat of Rome, the cardinals finally managed to produce the required two-thirds majority on October 25 for Cardinal Goffredo Castiglione, who chose the name Celestine IV. Pope Celestine was never crowned. It is also said that he was never consecrated, which is pointless, since he was already a bishop, and that he never issued a bull, which is contested.〔August Potthast, ''Regesta pontificum Romanorum'' I (Berlin 1874), p. 940 n.〕 He died, old and ill, only seventeen days after his election, on November 10, 1241. A second Election would have to be held. But, even though Pope Celestine was buried on the day after his death, according to custom, certain cardinals had already left Rome, being unwilling to endure the situation of September and October again. Matthew of Paris says〔Henry Richards Luard (editor), ''Matthaei Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora'' Vol. IV. A.D. 1240 to A. D. 1247 (London: Longman 1880), under the year 1241, p. 194.〕 that there were "maybe six, maybe seven" cardinals left in Rome, which would imply that one or two had left. He certainly includes Cardinal Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni〔whom he calls ''Ricardus Hanibal, Episcopus Ostiensis'', thereby convicting himself of a major confusion. Ricardus Annibale was Cardinal Deacon of Sant' Angelo in Pescheria, though he was a member of the minority. Rinaldo and Riccardo are two different cardinals. It is not wise to follow Matthew too closely.〕 and Cardinal Sinibaldo Fieschi in the minority. Matthew also reports that the cardinals who were still in Rome were in hiding with friends and relations, some of them ill. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Papal election, 1243」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.